Let there are two people who want to communicate each other. we probably think that people must connect to each other are enough for communication. But it is not true. Following are the problems arises with just connecting as we thought this as communication.
· How can both persons know each other?
· What if send message lost without reaching the destination?
· How to know how much data we can send a time in the network for communication.
· What if destination receives corrupted data?
· There are various data in communication at each level, how can sender and receiver gets same data.
In order to solve the above problems, we make certain rules so that sender and receiver must obey it. These rules are called Protocols. In order to identify each other protocol makes addressing mechanism. If the packet lost in between communication, packet retransmission is the solution on receiver indication. All these rules are defined in standard format layer by layer.
Layering the protocols defines the abstraction so that defining rules at each protocol is easy.
So there are a lot of protocols to define for the communication. All these protocols must be communicated properly to ensure synchronization between communication participants.So how can we achieve this?
Analyzing the protocol so that there is the efficient usage of resources of communication like medium, error-free channel etc.
Consider a real time scenario Consists of an ISP (internet service provider) which provides the internet to end users (assume here 100 end users and between them 10 to 20 routers). Whatever the request made by these users are must route through ISP server. Between the users, there is a lot of communication between routers to other routers in order to strengthen the signal.
Using protocol analyzer (packet analyzer) we can find an efficient route to a destination. Protocol analyzer gathers the route information provided by the router. Making simulations to identify which route is beneficial.
popular protocol analyzer solutions currently available in the market.
1. Nmap: (Network mapping): Used to identify the network and uptime for the network.This tool is open source. Used to audit the security of the network. It uses dummy IP packets and sends them to everywhere it is reachable to identify the possible hosts that are connected. This analyzed information used to analyze and configure topology of the network. You can find more at nmap.org.
2. Fluke Networks' OptiView Protocol Expert: Fluke Networks, long known for its handheld protocol analyzers, is trying to create a similar reputation with its OptiView software analyzers, a suite of products that sniff traffic on Ethernet, token-ring, and fiber-tapped networks.
3. TCP Dump: Tcpdump is the IP sniffer we all used before Ethereal (Wireshark) came on the scene. It is used to fix bugs and portability problems in the network
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